Characteristic investigation of trilayered Cu/Al8011/Al1060 composite: Interface morphology,microstructure, and in-situ tensile deformation

In this work, Cu/Al8011/Al1060 trilayered composite with an ultrathin copper layer was fabricated successfully by the hybrid process of cast-rolling and hot-roll-bonding. The effects of heat treatment were investigated on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of the composite. The results showed that annealing temperatures above 300 ​°C led to the formation of new intermetallic compounds that joined their initial counterparts. Also, the interface growth was fast above 340 ​°C. It was found that the annealing temperature of 320 ​°C led to the optimal tensile properties of the composite. Through rolling, hard-brittle IMCs imposed intense plastic strains on the surrounding regions, resulting in further grain refinement of both metals in the vicinity of the interface. Although the kernel average misorientation of the trilayered composite was almost identical with the Cu/Al8011 bimetal, its amount was considerably decreased after heat treatment, as the distorted structure changed into a nearly strain-free one using the restoration phenomenon. The SEM-based in-situ tensile test showed that crack initiation occurred within the IMCs and propagated into the Cu strip, leading to its early fracture. However, the strength-displacement curve during in-situ tensile deformation did not decrease significantly due to the ultrathin copper layer.     

白黄链霉菌TD-1菌株挥发性有机物对灰霉孢菌的抑制作用

为探讨白黄链霉菌TD-1菌株挥发性有机物(VOCs)对灰霉孢菌的抑制作用,采用双皿对扣法测定VOCs对灰霉孢菌的抑菌率,通过扫描电镜观察VOCs对灰霉孢菌菌丝体的影响,利用GC/MS技术对VOCs组分进行分析。结果表明,作用5d后,6.0g TD-1菌株麦麸培养物产生的VOCs对灰霉孢菌的抑菌率为66.67%,灰霉孢菌的产孢量(3.9×10⁶个/cm²)较空白组(5.9×10⁷个/cm²)显著降低(p<0.01),且菌丝形态异常、表面粗糙,菌体细胞膜通透性增强。TD-1菌株VOCs由63种组分组成,其中2-甲基异冰片(13.52%)和1,4-二甲基金刚烷(14.08%)的相对含量较高。白黄链霉菌TD-1菌株产生的VOCs对灰霉孢菌良好的抑制作用为将其开发成生物熏蒸剂提供了理论依据。     

Ru基化合物催化制氢的研究进展

氢的存储是车载燃料电池发展的关键环节。甲醇在室温下呈液态并且储氢量达12.6wt%,然而分解甲醇制氢需要较高的温度(超过200℃)和压强(25~50bar)。最近研究者报道了利用单核钌(Ru)基化合物作催化剂,在常温常压条件下可以将甲醇分解成CO_2和H_2;利用双核Ru基化合物作催化剂,可以将多聚甲醛或甲醛与水的混合溶液有选择性地脱氢生成H_2和CO_2,但是关于Ru基化合物微观层次的催化机制还需要进一步研究。本文综述了不同配体构型和不同种类配体对催化剂活性的影响及其脱氢路径,以及催化剂的催化活性和溶液的pH值之间的关系,阐明如何改进现有单核Ru基钳型化合物和双核Ru基化合物催化剂的性能,设计催化活性更优良的新型催化剂。     

Effects of metals and organic compounds on survival and bioaccumulation in two species of marine gammaridean amphipod,together with a summary of toxicological research on this group

The toxicity and bioaccumulation of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, zinc, DDT, PCB and the water-soluble fraction of diesel fuel to the gammaridean amphipods Corophium insidiosum and Elasmopus bampo were measured. At 96 h exposure C. insidiosum was more sensitive to arsenic, zinc, DDT, PCB and the water-soluble fraction of diesel fuel than E. bampo, whereas E. bampo was more sensitive to cadmium, chromium and copper than C. insidiosum. Over a 20-day period C. insidiosum accumulated greater amounts of chromium, copper, lead and zinc than E. bampo, whereas E. bampo accumulated more cadmium, DDT and PCB than C. insidiosum. The toxicity and bioaccumulation of toxicants to other species of marine gammaridean amphipods are tabulated.     

基于Petri网的VOCs跨区域流动动态风险评估方法

为了评价污染天气下由于VOCs(volatile organic compounds)跨区域流动产生的区域间的相互影响作用的大小，找出对受污染区域影响较大的路径，结合Petri网模型提出了VOCs跨区域流动动态风险评估方法。利用HYSPLIT模型确定多个潜在污染源与受污染区域的VOCs迁移路径，运用Petri网去描述各个迁移路径之间的关系；将动态风险大小的计算融入到函数Petri网的运行中，定量评估潜在污染源到受污染区域的各条路径的风险程度；案例分析得出污染天气下周边区域对于西安的动态风险评估结果以及各污染路径的潜在风险指数。研究表明，在重污染天气下各个污染源城市对西安的影响程度大小由高到低依次为宝鸡>汉中>西宁>兰州。该方法为评估VOCs跨区域流动过程中潜在污染源的风险程度提供了依据。     

钴、锰改性方法对酚醛炭泡沫除SO_2/NO的影响

研究金属Mn,Co的不同改性方法对酚醛活性炭泡沫表面物理结构、化学性质,以及脱硫脱硝效率的影响.以MnCl2,CoCl2为改性剂,采用内、外两种改性法对酚醛炭泡沫进行金属负载改性,并进行模拟烟气脱硫脱硝的实验.实验结果表明:经CoCl2内、外改性样品的脱硫效率较未改性样品(CF0)分别提高了22.9%,8.2%,脱硝效率提高了58.6%,134%;经MnCl2内、外改性样品的脱硫效率分别提高了4.5%,3.1%,脱硝效率提高了79.3%,10.3%.因此,内改性有利于酚醛活性炭泡沫脱硫脱硝,其中CFCo-n脱硫脱硝效果最佳.     

油页岩CS2-NMP萃取物中含氮化合物的分离与分析

为分离油页岩萃取物的含氮化合物,采用索氏萃取法,以CS2-NMP为萃取剂,在60℃条件下萃取依兰油页岩。采用中性氧化铝色谱柱对萃取物进行分离,并对含氮洗脱成分进行GC/MS分析。结果表明：中性氧化铝色谱法能实现萃取物的初步分离,分离获得的含氮化合物组分的质量分数不大于1.8%;萃取物所含的22种氮化合物有21种杂环化合物。这些含氮化合物为喹啉、吡啶、吲哚、酰胺等的衍生物。该结果为依兰油页岩的成因及油母结构研究提供了参考。     

有机硅改性酚醛树脂的研究

电导实验表明：有机硅的加入对合成的酚醛树脂的交联密度有影响.改性酚醛树脂的各项常规指标均优于普通酚醛树脂,其中残碳率可以达到50.75%,比普通酚醛树脂的残碳率（40.80%）提高了近10%.FESEM照片可以看到有机硅改性酚醛树脂在800℃碳化后生成了碳纤维,而且所生成半径大致为350～450 nm的SiO2粒子分布于酚醛树脂的碳化物中,分布较均匀且与基体的结合较好,有机-无机杂化改性有利于酚醛树脂力学性能的提高.     

5-溴-2-羟基苯基苯甲酮苯甲酰腙的合成及晶体结构

由5-溴-2-羟基苯基苯甲酮和苯甲酰肼通过缩合反应,合成了一种新的芳香酰腙化合物:5-溴-2-羟基苯基苯甲酮苯甲酰腙.通过X射线单晶衍射对该化合物进行晶体结构的表征.研究表明,该酰腙为单斜晶系,空间群为P2(1)/c,晶胞学数据为a=17.505(5)nm,α=90.00°,b=13.761(4)nm,β=94.546(6)°,c=7.219(2)nm,γ=90.00°.V=1733.4(9)nm3,Z=4,μ=2.387mm-1,Dc=1.515mg/m3,F(000)=672,Final R indices[I>2sigma(I)]R1=0.0439,wR2=0.0813 R1=0.1051[I>2sigma(I)],wR2=0.1007(all data).     

云南蜂胶中多酚化合物的HPLC分析研究

建立了利用高效液相色谱法同时测定提取物中6种多酚化合物的方法,利用冷浸超声法制备蜂胶乙醇提取物:以绿原酸为标准,在765 nm波长下,用FoIin-Ciocalteus法测定提取物中的总酚酸含量;以芦丁为标准,在510 nm波长下测定提取物中总黄酮含量;对采自云南3个地区的蜂胶样品进行HPLC分析.结果表明:云南不同产...